Risk Assessment

Equipment

See the Recommended Equipment List

Context of Risk Assessment

At the meet paddlers with experience and local knowledge decide on routes based on the forecast, visible prevailing conditions and group skills. Wind speed, water temperature and sea swell are key inputs to these decisions. Sheltering tactics are frequently used to reduce the exposure to risk, conversely challenging conditions can be intentionally sought out to build experience with the support of the other group members.

It’s up to every individual to familiarise themselves with the risks below, and the risk reduction measures are the shared responsibility of all taking part in the trip.

Experience and Qualifications.

  • ISKA is a community of paddlers, many of whom have years of experience paddling with each other. Decisions on who leads the briefing are based more often on that known history and local knowledge than on certification level. Leaders are usually not certified coaches or instructors. Several experienced paddlers are usually on hand to assist. Skill levels are self-declared and trusted, it’s up to each individual to know their own competency, there is no checking of certificates on the shore or otherwise.
  • All paddlers in the group shall be at least CI Level 2 Sea Skills Award holders or have equivalent skills.

Risks and Mitigations for Sea-Kayaking

ACTIVITY HAZARD RISK REDUCTION MEASURE
All activities apart from launching and being on the water Burns from cooking and campfires
Falls due to uneven ground
Injuries loading and unloading boats
.
All attendees are adults and expected to be able to take due care in the meet environment and have the skills to load and unload their boats safely. Those planning to cook should bring a first aid kit with burn cream
All paddling-related activities Leaders are rarely certified instructors or coaches, so may make inappropriate decisions or fail to make appropriate decisions due to inexperience or lack of training. This could contribute to any of the hazards below. Overall risk to group members over their paddling lifetime is presumed to be lower due to the willingness of experienced paddlers to volunteer to lead a group and share their knowledge, than if people didn’t have these opportunities and only went solo paddling, paddling with friends or on paid instructor-led or coach-led trips.

ISKA arranges training opportunities for members to upskill, but has limited resources and ultimately values experience and local knowledge over certification.

Every paddler should know their own capabilities, inform themselves how ISKA paddles operate, take part in briefings, raise any concerns, and ultimately decide if the paddle is appropriate for them based on their skill, experience and fitness level.

At the briefing all paddlers should:

  • Assess the group and ensure they are comfortable with the ratio of experienced/inexperienced paddlers for the expected conditions.
  • Discuss any concerns with others in the group, and if you’re not sure, don’t get on the water.
Launching/Landing Slips and falls
Kayaks capsizing.
A suitably sheltered and calm launch point should be chosen.
During the paddle Loss or separation of paddlers from group At the briefing:

  • Identify leaders and assistants within the group, identify weaker paddlers
  • Count paddlers and consider if necessary to divide into smaller groups
  • Discuss group dynamics and positioning, e.g. diamond formation

On the water:

  • Periodically monitor count.
  • Regroup before significant changes to paddling conditions, e.g. before rounding headlands
During the paddle Capsize of one of more paddlers At the briefing:

  • Discuss the weather forecast and expected tidal conditions.
  • Discuss potential hazards
  • Discuss communications that will be used by the group e.g. VHF channel, hand signals
  • Outline actions in the event of an emergency, and identify emergency exit routes or landing points.

On the water:

  • First assure the safety of the rest of the group, then the nearest person with rescue skills leads the rescue.
During the paddle Unexpected conditions, weather not as forecast, sea state more dynamic At the briefing:

  • Discuss the weather forecast and expected sea conditions.

On the water:

  • Continually monitor and react to any changes in conditions. Change route, shorten trip, raft up or look for shelter as needed.
During the paddle Hypothermia/Hyperthermia At the briefing:

  • Discuss expected weather and water conditions.
  • All participants are responsible for being dressed for immersion and weather conditions.
  • Pack extra layers, sunscreen, hats, drinking water, etc as appropriate.

On the water:

  • Any swimmers to be rescued and returned to their boats as quickly as possible. Monitor afterwards until fully recovered.

At breaks:

  • Look for sheltered locations to avoid getting cold after exertion. Layer up. Get moving again if group getting cold.
During the paddle Health issues, sea sickness. injuries, fatigue At the briefing:

  • Agree expected duration, distance and breaks so paddlers can decide if they’re fit for it
  • Ask any paddlers with relevant medical conditions to discreetly inform the paddlers leading the briefing.
  • Carry first-aid kit suitable to the environment

On the water:

  • Observe if paddlers are lagging behind and discreetly check
  • Take breaks for food/water, raft on the water if needed.
  • React as appropriate
During the paddle Reduction in visibility At the briefing:

  • Identify likelihood of fog or darkness falling.
  • Discuss protocols for paddling in fog / at night.
  • Pack compass and torches
  • Paddlers opting to paddle at night must have reflectors on person and/or boat and a torch to hand.

On the water:

  • Extra emphasis on tight grouping if risk materialises.
  • Monitor timing and shorten trip if necessary to avoid unplanned return after dark
During the paddle Capsizes due to:
Tide-race
Surf-launching / landing
Rock hopping, overfalls
At briefing

  • Discuss potential locations of these hazards.
  • Assess the group and ensure there is a reasonable ratio of experienced/inexperienced paddlers for the expected conditions
  • If surf landing expected discuss surf rules of the road

On the water:

  • All paddlers should take time to observe before entering such areas and ask for advice from more experienced paddlers if in doubt.
  • If possible, plan a route which gives options for the weaker paddlers to avoid the hazard.
  • Helmets should be worn in areas of hazard
Kayak surfing Capsize
Concussion
Cuts, bruises, injuries
Kayakers blown out to sea
Collision
At briefing

  • Define the surf area to avoid other water users
  • Discuss if attendees’ kayaks are suitable for the surf conditions.
  • Explain rights of way and surf etiquette, e.g. the surfer closest to the peak gets priority, kayakers give way to surf boards.
  • Limit numbers surfing at same time to reduce collision risk.

On the water:

  • Wear a helmet
  • Consider a group leader wading in the shallows to assist launching
  • On capsize hold on to kayak and use waves to be carried to shore.
  • Experienced paddlers monitor for paddlers separated from their kayaks, carried out on a rip or struggling to get back to shore after a capsize.
  • Monitor for deteriorating surf conditions and call a halt if necessary.
  • On injury, administer first aid as appropriate